The defeats of 1715 and 1719 did not destroy the Jacobite challenge to Hanoverian rule. A further rising was launched by Prince Charles Edward Stuart, who landed in Scotland in July 1745 with a large army of mainly Scottish, Irish and French volunteers. The Jacobite forces marched south across the border as far as Derby before turning back as the threat from government forces increased. The Duke of Cumberland, at his own request, was brought back from the continent and sent in pursuit. The two forces met at Culloden, where Cumberland’s victory was pursued with such brutality that he earned himself the nickname ‘Butcher Cumberland’. Prince Charles Edward was forced into hiding in the Highlands for some months before he was able to escape to France.