Landmarks & Symbols
Windmills
As well as grinding grain, windmills were used in the seventeenth century to power pumps continuously draining fields that had been reclaimed from the sea (polders). The windmill thereby acts as a reminder of the physical growth of the Republic and the ability to harness nature’s power.
Watermills
Like the windmill, the watermill signifies mankind’s practicaluse of nature’s power, while also indicating prosperity.
Bleaching fields
The bleaching of linen was a major Dutch industry, and large areas were used to stretch lengths of fabric. The bleaching grounds of Haarlem were considered the best in Europe and appear in many landscapes.
Cows and bulls
The cow was an unofficial emblem of the Dutch Republic, appearing in allegories and satires. It suggests the prosperity of the land and the desire of its people to be left in peace. This docile beast clearly requires vigilant and heroic protection.
Ruins
The Spanish occupied every part of the Netherlands during the Eighty Years War and destroyed many buildings. Ruins in landscape may suggest the heroism and sacrifice of the national struggle.
